Combined Surgical and Interventional Approaches for Treating Patients with Congenital Heart Disease.

AIMS: During the last decade the cooperation between surgeons and cardiologists has further expanded by combining surgical and interventional techniques (CCBSI) performed in the operating room, without the use of fluoroscopy. We sought to evaluate the results of our experience with CCBSI. METHODS: All children with congenital heart disease (CHD) who underwent a CCBSI in the operating room between June 2007 and January 2014 were enrolled. RESULTS: Sixty-eight patients were included. Median age at CCBSI was five months (range 1-48 months). The three main diagnoses leading to surgery included: (1) tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) (n = 40), (2) muscular ventricular septal defects (VSD) (n = 12), (3) single ventricle with pulmonary artery branch stenosis (n = 4). There were 72 catheter-based procedures associated with surgical maneuvres, including: (1) transatrial balloon dilation (BD) of the pulmonary valve (n = 45), (2) transinfundibular BD of the main pulmonary artery trunk (n = 12), (3) perventricular VSD closure with septal occluder (n = 8), (4) BD of pulmonary artery branches (n = 5), and other less common procedures (n = 2). There were no procedure-related complications and no hospital deaths. Median follow-up time was four years (range 0.95-7.9 years). There was one late death for respiratory distress after transapical balloon dilation of the aortic valve. One patient required BD and stenting of the left pulmonary artery branch 3.6 years after intraoperative BD for residual stenosis. CONCLUSIONS: The CCBSI represents a safe and effective treatment for selected patients with complex CHD. It will be helpful in minimizing patients' surgical trauma and in shortening or avoiding the use of cardiopulmonary bypass.