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The Evolution of Stomach Acidity and Its Relevance to the Human Microbiome.
Beasley, DeAnna E; Koltz, Amanda M; Lambert, Joanna E; Fierer, Noah; Dunn, Rob R.
Afiliação
  • Beasley DE; Department of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, United States of America.
  • Koltz AM; Department of Biology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America.
  • Lambert JE; Department of Anthropology, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, United States of America.
  • Fierer N; Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado United States of America; Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, United States of America.
  • Dunn RR; Department of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, United States of America.
PLoS One ; 10(7): e0134116, 2015.
Article em En | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26222383
Gastric acidity is likely a key factor shaping the diversity and composition of microbial communities found in the vertebrate gut. We conducted a systematic review to test the hypothesis that a key role of the vertebrate stomach is to maintain the gut microbial community by filtering out novel microbial taxa before they pass into the intestines. We propose that species feeding either on carrion or on organisms that are close phylogenetic relatives should require the most restrictive filter (measured as high stomach acidity) as protection from foreign microbes. Conversely, species feeding on a lower trophic level or on food that is distantly related to them (e.g. herbivores) should require the least restrictive filter, as the risk of pathogen exposure is lower. Comparisons of stomach acidity across trophic groups in mammal and bird taxa show that scavengers and carnivores have significantly higher stomach acidities compared to herbivores or carnivores feeding on phylogenetically distant prey such as insects or fish. In addition, we find when stomach acidity varies within species either naturally (with age) or in treatments such as bariatric surgery, the effects on gut bacterial pathogens and communities are in line with our hypothesis that the stomach acts as an ecological filter. Together these results highlight the importance of including measurements of gastric pH when investigating gut microbial dynamics within and across species.
Assuntos

Texto completo: 1 Base de dados: MEDLINE Assunto principal: Evolução Biológica / Microbioma Gastrointestinal / Ácido Gástrico Tipo de estudo: Systematic_reviews Limite: Animals / Humans Idioma: En Ano de publicação: 2015 Tipo de documento: Article

Texto completo: 1 Base de dados: MEDLINE Assunto principal: Evolução Biológica / Microbioma Gastrointestinal / Ácido Gástrico Tipo de estudo: Systematic_reviews Limite: Animals / Humans Idioma: En Ano de publicação: 2015 Tipo de documento: Article