The Brain on Drugs: From Reward to Addiction.
Cell
; 162(4): 712-25, 2015 Aug 13.
Article
em En
| MEDLINE
| ID: mdl-26276628
ABSTRACT
Advances in neuroscience identified addiction as a chronic brain disease with strong genetic, neurodevelopmental, and sociocultural components. We here discuss the circuit- and cell-level mechanisms of this condition and its co-option of pathways regulating reward, self-control, and affect. Drugs of abuse exert their initial reinforcing effects by triggering supraphysiologic surges of dopamine in the nucleus accumbens that activate the direct striatal pathway via D1 receptors and inhibit the indirect striato-cortical pathway via D2 receptors. Repeated drug administration triggers neuroplastic changes in glutamatergic inputs to the striatum and midbrain dopamine neurons, enhancing the brain's reactivity to drug cues, reducing the sensitivity to non-drug rewards, weakening self-regulation, and increasing the sensitivity to stressful stimuli and dysphoria. Drug-induced impairments are long lasting; thus, interventions designed to mitigate or even reverse them would be beneficial for the treatment of addiction.
Texto completo:
1
Base de dados:
MEDLINE
Assunto principal:
Encéfalo
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Transtornos Relacionados ao Uso de Substâncias
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Vias Neurais
Limite:
Animals
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Humans
Idioma:
En
Ano de publicação:
2015
Tipo de documento:
Article