Recent developments and future challenges in immune checkpoint inhibitory cancer treatment.
Curr Opin Oncol
; 27(6): 482-8, 2015 Nov.
Article
em En
| MEDLINE
| ID: mdl-26352539
ABSTRACT
PURPOSE OF REVIEW In this review, we focus on the recent findings and future challenges in cancer treatment with immune checkpoint inhibitors. RECENT FINDINGS:
Major progress has been made in recent years as the first immune checkpoint inhibitors are approved by the US Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of cancer patients. Anticytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4 and antiprogrammed death protein 1/programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) monoclonal antibodies are being extensively studied in many different tumor types, often showing impressive response rates, but also a typical serious toxicity profile in the form of auto-immunity. Unfortunately, it is not yet possible to prevent or predict these immune-related adverse events. Studies on mutational load, neo-epitopes, lactate dehydrogenase, PD-L1 expression, and T-cell infiltration suggest that these markers are correlating with efficacy, but have not yet reached the status of a validated biomarker for checkpoint inhibitors. Other immune checkpoints are being investigated and new checkpoint inhibitors are on the brink of being evaluated in clinical trials.SUMMARY:
The main challenge for the near future will be to predict efficacy of immune checkpoint blockade and to predict and prevent immune-related adverse events. More research should be done in order to find potential biomarkers that predict treatment response and/or toxicity; the optimal administration route, dosage, and frequency; and possible combinations of therapies that have an added or synergetic effect.
Texto completo:
1
Base de dados:
MEDLINE
Assunto principal:
Terapia de Alvo Molecular
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Imunoterapia
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Anticorpos Monoclonais
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Neoplasias
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Antineoplásicos
Tipo de estudo:
Prognostic_studies
Limite:
Humans
Idioma:
En
Ano de publicação:
2015
Tipo de documento:
Article