Vitamin D intake of Dutch infants from the combination of (fortified) foods, infant formula, and dietary supplements.
Eur J Nutr
; 56(2): 581-590, 2017 Mar.
Article
em En
| MEDLINE
| ID: mdl-26602544
ABSTRACT
PURPOSE:
Due to changes in the Dutch fortification policy for vitamin D and the vitamin D supplementation advice for infants (10-µg/d for 0-4 year olds), a partially virtual scenario study was conducted to evaluate the risk of excessive vitamin D intake assigning all infants to a 100 % adherence to the supplementation advice and considering the current fortification practice.METHODS:
Food consumption data from the Nutrition Intake Study (2002; N = 941, 7-19 months) were combined with Dutch food composition data from 2011 to estimate vitamin D intake from (fortified) foods. For infants 0-6 months of age, the consumption volume infant formula was estimated from energy requirement and body weight. All subjects were assigned to take a daily 10 µg vitamin D supplement, according the Dutch supplementation advice for infants. Habitual vitamin D intake was estimated using the Statistical Program to Assess Dietary Exposure and compared with the tolerable upper intake levels (ULs) set by the European Food Safety Authority.RESULTS:
The median habitual total vitamin D intake was 16-22 µg/day for infants aged 0-6 months (increasing with age) and 13-21 µg/day for infants aged 7-19 months (decreasing with age). About 4-12 % of infants aged 7-11 months exceeded the UL. At the 99th percentile, the intake was 2-4 µg above the UL, depending on age. Infants aged 0-6 and 12-19 months did not exceed the UL.CONCLUSIONS:
In case of combined intake from infant formula, (fortified) foods, and supplements, vitamin D intakes above the UL are possible among some infants during a limited time period.Palavras-chave
Texto completo:
1
Base de dados:
MEDLINE
Assunto principal:
Vitamina D
/
Alimentos Fortificados
/
Suplementos Nutricionais
/
Fórmulas Infantis
Tipo de estudo:
Etiology_studies
/
Risk_factors_studies
Limite:
Female
/
Humans
/
Infant
/
Male
/
Newborn
País como assunto:
Europa
Idioma:
En
Ano de publicação:
2017
Tipo de documento:
Article