SPIDER: A Framework for Understanding Driver Distraction.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: The objective was to identify key cognitive processes that are impaired when drivers divert attention from driving. BACKGROUND: Driver distraction is increasingly recognized as a significant source of injuries and fatalities on the roadway. METHOD/RESULTS: A "SPIDER" model is developed that identifies key cognitive processes that are impaired when drivers divert attention from driving. SPIDER is an acronym standing for scanning, predicting, identifying, decision making, and executing a response. CONCLUSION: When drivers engage in secondary activities unrelated to the task of driving, SPIDER-related processes are impaired, situation awareness is degraded, and the ability to safely operate a motor vehicle may be compromised. APPLICATION The pattern of interference helps to illuminate the sources of driver distraction and may help guide the integration of new technology into the automobile.