[Poisoning caused by chronic exposure to volatile anesthetics. Molecular mechanisms and risk anesthetics]. / Tossicità da esposizione cronica agli anestetici volatili. Meccanismi molecolari ed anestetici a rischio.

ABSTRACT

The possible molecular mechanisms potentially inducing occupational disease among operating room personnel were examined; and the really dangerous anaesthetic agents were identified. As concerns the molecular mechanisms of parenchymatous injury, we surveyed those connected with free radicals and biological reactive intermediates produced during halothane and nitrous oxide biotransformation; those coming from inorganic fluoride produced during biotransformation of any halogenated anaesthetic agent, and from inorganic bromide released during halothane metabolism; and, finally, those linked to vitamin B12 inactivation from nitrous oxide. Halothane and nitrous oxide can be considered as really dangerous anaesthetic agents for operating room personnel, and enflurane as an agent with marginal toxic power. On the contrary, isoflurane is a safe, useful compound, totally devoided of viscerotoxic effects. From data examined it is possible to conclude that an isoflurane-oxygen-air anaesthesia is safe for operating room personnel more than a balanced anaesthesia with intravenous drugs and nitrous oxide as maintenance.