Syncope is a frequently under-diagnosed condition in infants and toddlers and has similar features to those seen in adolescents and adults.

AIM: Vagal syncope may not be readily recognised by the caregivers of younger children, often leading to extensive diagnostic evaluation. Our aim was to determine the characteristics of syncope in younger children and to assess whether this age group was more prone to undergoing extensive diagnostic work-ups and receiving wrong aetiological diagnoses. METHODS: We collected clinical data on children up to six years of age, referred to our paediatric neurology clinic between 2007 and 2014 following one or more episodes of sudden loss of consciousness. RESULTS: A family history of syncope was present in 59.5% of the 37 children, and a trigger for syncope was identified in 30 children. Most of the episodes were short, with witnesses reporting an immediate or quick recovery. Most of the children underwent diagnostic procedures, particularly an electroencephalogram, and all the results were normal. Epilepsy did not develop in any of these cases. Syncope recurred in 22 patients during a two-year follow-up. CONCLUSION: Vagal syncope had similar features in toddlers and young children to those seen in adolescents and adults. Its diagnosis should be considered following loss of consciousness due to an identifiable trigger and rapidly regaining consciousness to avoid unnecessary diagnostic procedures and hospitalisation.