Sex Differences in Methamphetamine Use and Dependence in a Thai Treatment Center.
J Addict Med
; 11(1): 19-27, 2017.
Article
em En
| MEDLINE
| ID: mdl-27649265
ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:
Males and females who use methamphetamine (MA) differ in sociodemographics, MA diagnoses, comorbidities, and brain activity. The objective of this study was to investigate sex differences in the characteristics of MA use and dependence in patients at a Thai substance treatment center.METHODS:
Demographic, MA use, and diagnostic data for 782 MA users were obtained by using the Semi-Structured Assessment for Drug Dependence and Alcoholism-Thai version. Categorical comparisons of males (nâ=â413, 53%) and females (nâ=â369, 47%) were made by chi-square test. Factors significantly differentiating men and women with respect to MA-dependence were identified by logistic regression analysis controlling for demographic, diagnostic, and MA use variables.RESULTS:
Males admitted to residential drug treatment for MA use had an earlier age of onset for both MA use (17.7â±â4.1 vs 19.7â±â6.2 years; tâ=â-5.3, Pâ<â0.001) and dependence (20.4â±â5.2 vs 22.2â±â6.4 years; tâ=â-3.6, Pâ<â0.001). Females were more likely than males to be MA-dependent (79% vs 60%; χ1â=â33.7, Pâ<â0.001), and to experience MA withdrawal (65.3% vs 48.9%; χ1â=â21.4, Pâ<â0.001), withdrawal-related hypersomnia (77.2% vs 64.8%; χ1â=â14.5, Pâ<â0.001), fatigue (77.5% vs 70.3%; χ1â=â5.2, Pâ=â0.02), and psychomotor retardation (64.5% vs 57.0%; χ1â=â4.5, Pâ=â0.03). Similarly, females had heavier (eg, largest daily amount [χ1â=â12.4, Pâ<â0.001), more frequent (χ1â=â5.1, Pâ=â0.02]) and greater lifetime episodes of MA use (χ1â=â24.1, Pâ<â0.001) than males. After controlling for such variables by logistic regression, being female remained a significant factor influencing the occurrence of MA-dependence (odds ratio [OR] 2.7, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.8-4.1, Pâ<â0.001). Shared associated factors (or comorbidities) for MA-dependence in both sexes included nicotine dependence (in males OR 4.1, 95% CI 2.4-7.0, Pâ<â0.001; and in females OR 2.4, 95% CI 1.3-4.4, Pâ=â0.007), greater lifetime episodes of MA use (in males OR 3.5, 95% CI 1.9-6.4, Pâ<â0.001; and in females OR 5.9, 95% CI 3.1-11.4, Pâ<â0.001), and more frequent use (in males OR 5.1, 95% CI 2.8-9.1, Pâ<â0.001; and in females OR 3.6, 95% CI 1.9-6.9, Pâ<â0.001). Comorbid antisocial personality disorder predicted MA-dependence in males only (OR 3.7, 95% CI 1.6-8.6, Pâ=â0.002).CONCLUSIONS:
The current study highlights both common (eg, nicotine dependence and severity of MA use) and sex-specific differences (eg, MA use/dependence characteristics and comorbidities), including sex itself, with respect to MA-dependence in a Thai treatment cohort.
Texto completo:
1
Base de dados:
MEDLINE
Assunto principal:
Síndrome de Abstinência a Substâncias
/
Tabagismo
/
Transtornos Relacionados ao Uso de Anfetaminas
/
Fadiga
/
Estimulantes do Sistema Nervoso Central
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Distúrbios do Sono por Sonolência Excessiva
/
Metanfetamina
Tipo de estudo:
Etiology_studies
/
Prognostic_studies
Limite:
Adult
/
Female
/
Humans
/
Male
País como assunto:
Asia
Idioma:
En
Ano de publicação:
2017
Tipo de documento:
Article