Reward loss and addiction: Opportunities for cross-pollination.
Pharmacol Biochem Behav
; 154: 39-52, 2017 03.
Article
em En
| MEDLINE
| ID: mdl-28174137
ABSTRACT
Paradigms used to study the response to and consequences of exposure to reward loss have been underutilized in approaches to the psychobiology of substance use disorders. We propose here that bringing these two areas into contact will help expanding our understanding of both reward loss and addictive behavior, hence opening up opportunities for cross-pollination. This review focuses on two lines of research that point to parallels. First, several neurochemical systems involved in addiction are also involved in the modulation of the behavioral effects of reward loss, including opioid, GABA, and dopamine receptors. Second, there are extensive overlaps in the brain circuitry underlying both reward loss and addiction. Common components of this system include, at least, the amygdala, ventral and dorsal striatum, and various prefrontal cortex regions. Four emerging avenues of research that benefit from emphasis on the common ground between reward loss and addiction are reviewed, namely, the neural circuitry involved in reward devaluation, the influence of genetic and reward history on the behavioral vulnerability and resilience, the role of competing natural rewards, and emotional self-medication. An understanding of the role of reward loss in addiction will point to a deeper understanding of the initiation and maintenance of substance use disorders.
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Texto completo:
1
Base de dados:
MEDLINE
Assunto principal:
Recompensa
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Comportamento Aditivo
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Transmissão Sináptica
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Transtornos Relacionados ao Uso de Substâncias
Limite:
Animals
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Humans
Idioma:
En
Ano de publicação:
2017
Tipo de documento:
Article