Massive hemorrhage following definitive esophageal chemoradiation: teaching case of a fatal aortoesophageal fistula and lessons learned.

Esophageal self-expandable metal stents and radiotherapy are valuable in combination for palliation and definitive treatment of esophageal cancer. However, risk of aortoesophageal fistula is significant in patients with evidence of malignant aortic invasion. Use of thoracic endovascular repair may represent an approach to early intervention in high-risk patients.