Cognitive reserve, cognition, and regional brain damage in MS: A 2 -year longitudinal study.
Mult Scler
; 25(3): 372-381, 2019 03.
Article
em En
| MEDLINE
| ID: mdl-29303036
ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND:
According to the cognitive reserve (CR) theory, enriching experiences protect against cognitive decline.OBJECTIVES:
To investigate the dynamic interaction between CR and global/regional measures of brain white matter (WM) and gray matter (GM) damage and their effect on cognitive performance in multiple sclerosis (MS).METHODS:
Baseline and 2 -year three-dimensional (3D) T1-weighted scans were obtained from 54 MS patients and 20 healthy controls. Patients' cognitive functions were tested and a cognitive reserve index (CRI) was calculated. Baseline regional atrophy and longitudinal volume changes were investigated using voxel-wise methods. Structural damage and CRI effects on cognitive performance were explored with linear models.RESULTS:
At baseline, MS patients showed atrophy of the deep GM nuclei, GM/WM frontal-temporal-parietal-occipital regions, and left cerebellum. Controlling for atrophy, higher CRI explained significant portions of variance in verbal memory and verbal fluency (∆ R2 = 0.07-0.16; p < 0.03). The interaction between thalamic volume and CRI was significant (∆ R2 = 0.05; p = 0.03). Longitudinal changes in memory and attention performance were associated with local/global variations of GM/WM and T2 lesions. CRI had no effect on longitudinal cognitive changes.CONCLUSION:
In MS, CR may have a protective role in preserving cognitive functions, moderating the effect of structural damage on cognitive performance. This protective role may diminish with disease progression.Palavras-chave
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Base de dados:
MEDLINE
Assunto principal:
Reserva Cognitiva
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Disfunção Cognitiva
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Substância Cinzenta
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Substância Branca
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Esclerose Múltipla
Tipo de estudo:
Etiology_studies
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Observational_studies
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Prognostic_studies
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Risk_factors_studies
Limite:
Adult
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Female
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Humans
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Male
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Middle aged
Idioma:
En
Ano de publicação:
2019
Tipo de documento:
Article