Isoprenylated flavonoids from Morus nigra and their PPAR γ agonistic activities.

ABSTRACT

A novel dihydroflavonol unprecedentedly with a prenyl group at C-2, nigragenon A (1), four new sanggenon-type flavonones, nigragenons B-E (2-5), along with six known isoprenylated flavonoids (6-11) were isolated from the twigs of Morus nigra. Their structures were elucidated through extensive analysis of spectroscopic data. Interestingly, compound 1 was the first reported biogenetic precursor of sanggenon-type flavanones and the biogenetic pathway from 1 to sanggenol F was proposed. The PPAR γ agonistic activity was investigated in HEK293 cells using dual luciferase reporter assay. Compounds 2, 4, 7, and 9 showed obvious agonistic activities on PPAR γ, and compound 2 was a potential PPAR γ partial agonist. Moreover, the preliminary structure-activity relationships for the tested compounds were discussed.