Face, content, and construct validity of a simulator for training in endovascular procedures.

Aim: In recent years the interest in structured training programs in endovascular surgical procedures has increased. In this study we assess face, content, and construct validity of a simulator to teach basic skills of endovascular surgery. Material and methods: A cohort of 21 medical students, 26 residents, and 14 expert surgeons participated in the study. Experts assessed face and content validity. Then, they executed four tasks once, while medical students and residents were allowed two attempts to reach a five-minute threshold under expert supervision. Medical students and residents repeated the same exercises during a second session plus three new additional ones, without expert supervision. Results: The simulator was rated as good by experts (four out of five on a Likert scale) in terms of realism (face validity) and usefulness as training tool for the training of basic skills (content). For construct validity, experts outperformed with a statistically significant difference (p < .05) medical students and residents in all tasks, except cannulation of upper mesenteric (p = .053). Differences between novices and intermediates persisted in the second session in the same four tasks and in the three additional ones, with statistically significant difference (p < .05) in the last four exercises. Conclusions: This study showed face, content, and construct validity of BEST simulator.