Dietary Vitamin D, Calcium, and Magnesium Intake in Type 2 Diabetes Patients.

ABSTRACT

Aim: To estimate specific nutrient intake in patients with type 2 diabetes. Materials and Methods: The study was conducted on a group of subjects with type 2 diabetes. The collected data included anthropometry, lifestyle, blood measurements, and the mean daily nutrient intake assessed by the EPIC food frequency questionnaire. Results: The study group included 101 subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) with a mean age of 60.6±10 years, of which 45 men (59±10.6 years) and 56 women (62±9.6 years). The average energy intake was 1714.4±713.9 Kcal/day, with a statistically significant gender difference (1877.7±850.9 kcal/day for men, 1583.1±554.9 kcal/day for women, p = 0.039, and the average daily micronutrient intake was 2.44±1.44 µg/day for vitamin D, 724.5µ263.2 mg/day for Calcium (Ca), 266.7±98 mg/day for magnesium (Mg), which was low compared to dietary recommendations. Calcium intake was correlated with intake of carbohydrates, saturated fatty acids (SFA), monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA), fiber and energy. Vitamin D intake was correlated only with protein intake (R=0.695), while magnesium intake correlated with intake of fibers, energy, carbohydrates and SFA. Conclusions: Our study in patients with type 2 diabetes showed a reduced average intake of calcium, magnesium and vitamin D compared to standard recommendations, requiring an individualized approach.