Etiopathogenesis of autoimmune hepatitis.
J Autoimmun
; 95: 133-143, 2018 12.
Article
em En
| MEDLINE
| ID: mdl-30385083
ABSTRACT
Autoimmune hepatitis is a chronic inflammatory liver disease characterized by hypergammaglobulinemia, the presence of autoantibodies, and inflammation within the liver, including lymphocytic infiltrates and interface hepatitis. Autoimmune hepatitis shows a female predominance and can present at any age and in any ethnicity. The disease is thought to be a consequence of a break of immune tolerance leading to an autoimmune process that induces liver injury. The self-attack is triggered by T-helper cell-mediated liver autoantigen recognition and B-cell production of autoantibodies, and is sustained by impaired regulatory T cells number and function. Superimposed on a genetic predisposition, infections and environmental factors have been studied as triggering factors for the disease. Allelic variants in the HLA locus have been associated with susceptibility; associations with single nucleotide polymorphisms within non-HLA genes have also been assessed. Several factors have been described as triggers of autoimmune responses in predisposed individuals, including infections, alcohol, vitamin D deficiency, and an altered composition of the intestinal microbiome. Importantly, drugs and herbal agents may trigger classical autoimmune hepatitis, or may induce a liver disease with autoimmune features. Interactions between female hormones and genetic factors have been hypothesized to play a role in autoimmunity, although the exact role for these factors has not been fully established. Herein we present a review of the etiology of autoimmune hepatitis including de novo autoimmune hepatitis post-liver transplantation as well as animal models for its study.
Palavras-chave
Texto completo:
1
Base de dados:
MEDLINE
Assunto principal:
Deficiência de Vitamina D
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Doenças Transmissíveis
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Hepatite Autoimune
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Alcoolismo
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Fígado
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Cirrose Hepática Biliar
Tipo de estudo:
Diagnostic_studies
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Etiology_studies
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Prognostic_studies
Idioma:
En
Ano de publicação:
2018
Tipo de documento:
Article