Lead (Pb) in Alzheimer's Dementia: A Systematic Review of Human Case- Control Studies.
Curr Alzheimer Res
; 16(4): 353-361, 2019.
Article
em En
| MEDLINE
| ID: mdl-30854970
ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND:
Alzheimer's Dementia (AD) has a complex pathophysiology that is incompletely understood. Chronic, low-level environmental lead (Pb) exposure is associated with cognitive impairment, hypertension and mortality, and has been proposed as a potential cause of AD.OBJECTIVE:
We aimed to review the literature to clarify the potential role of Pb in AD and to guide future research.METHODS:
Through a series of systematic reviews, we identified case-control studies comparing AD to controls on 6 measures of Pb exposure or accumulation blood, bone, cerebrospinal fluid, hair/nail, postmortem pathology, and urine. We completed meta-analyses where possible.RESULTS:
The number of identified case-control studies of AD, by measurement method, was 15 by blood, 0 by bone, 5 by Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF), 3 by hair/nail, 3 by postmortem, and 1 by urine. Two meta-analyses were possible for 7 studies reporting whole blood Pb and for 8 studies of serum Pb. Both were negative. The largest study of CSF Pb showed lower levels in AD. Similarly, lower hair Pb levels were found in AD.CONCLUSION:
The available case-control studies are insufficient to draw conclusions on the role of Pb in AD. Most methods do not address long-term or early-life exposure. The preferred measure of chronic Pb is in bone, which has not been utilized in case-control AD studies. Future research should measure bone Pb in AD, together with other biomarkers, such as amyloid and tau imaging, and markers of cerebrovascular pathology.Palavras-chave
Texto completo:
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Base de dados:
MEDLINE
Assunto principal:
Doença de Alzheimer
/
Chumbo
Tipo de estudo:
Observational_studies
/
Risk_factors_studies
/
Systematic_reviews
Limite:
Humans
Idioma:
En
Ano de publicação:
2019
Tipo de documento:
Article