Effects of Perioperative Venous Thromboembolism on Outcomes in Soft Tissue Reconstruction of Traumatic Lower Extremity Injuries.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Venous thromboembolism (VTE), including deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism, represents a significant perioperative complication. However, the outcomes of lower extremity salvage in the setting of perioperative VTE are not well reported. METHODS: A retrospective review of lower extremity trauma patients requiring soft tissue reconstruction between July 2007 and December 2015 at an urban trauma center was performed. Patients with clinically apparent VTE during inpatient stay were identified. Outcomes compared included success of limb salvage, flap survival, and flap complications. Comorbidities, injury characteristics and perioperative data were also compared between patients with and without VTE. RESULTS: One hundred ninety patients with lower extremity injuries underwent local and free flap procedures, with 12 (6.3%) patients developing clinically apparent VTE during hospitalization. Nine VTEs (75.0%) were diagnosed prior to soft tissue reconstruction, and 3 (25.0%) VTEs were diagnosed postreconstruction. The limb salvage rate in patients with VTE was 100%. There were no flap losses in patients with VTE, and the overall flap complication rate was similar between VTE and non-VTE groups (P = 0.26). However, there was an increased risk of postoperative hematoma in patients undergoing free flap transfer with diagnosed VTE compared with patients receiving free flaps without VTE (40.0% vs 2.6%, P = 0.02). Additionally, 1 patient died as a result of pulmonary embolism, and another patient experienced an ischemic stroke from a paradoxical embolism. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that successful limb salvage and flap survival may be achieved in the setting of perioperative VTE, although anticoagulation prophylaxis and treatment are critical in this population due to significant morbidity and mortality associated with VTE.