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Wheat Germ Supplementation Increases Lactobacillaceae and Promotes an Anti-inflammatory Gut Milieu in C57BL/6 Mice Fed a High-Fat, High-Sucrose Diet.
Ojo, Babajide A; O'Hara, Crystal; Wu, Lei; El-Rassi, Guadalupe Davila; Ritchey, Jerry W; Chowanadisai, Winyoo; Lin, Dingbo; Smith, Brenda J; Lucas, Edralin A.
Afiliação
  • Ojo BA; Nutritional Sciences Department.
  • O'Hara C; Nutritional Sciences Department.
  • Wu L; Nutritional Sciences Department.
  • El-Rassi GD; Robert M Kerr Food and Agricultural Products Center.
  • Ritchey JW; Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, Center for Veterinary Health Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK.
  • Chowanadisai W; Nutritional Sciences Department.
  • Lin D; Nutritional Sciences Department.
  • Smith BJ; Nutritional Sciences Department.
  • Lucas EA; Nutritional Sciences Department.
J Nutr ; 149(7): 1107-1115, 2019 07 01.
Article em En | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31162575
ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND:

A link between high-fat diet consumption and obesity-related diseases is the disruption of the gut bacterial population, which promotes local and systemic inflammation. Wheat germ (WG) is rich in bioactive components with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties.

OBJECTIVE:

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of WG supplementation in modulating the gut bacterial population and local and systemic inflammatory markers of mice fed a high-fat, high-sucrose (HFS) diet.

METHODS:

Six-week-old male C57BL/6 mice were randomly assigned to 4 groups (n = 12/group) and fed a control (C; 10% kcal fat, 10% kcal sucrose) or HFS (60% kcal fat, 20% kcal sucrose) diet with or without 10% WG (wtwt) for 12 wk. Cecal bacteria was assessed via 16S rDNA sequencing, fecal short-chain fatty acids by GC, small intestinal CD4+ lymphocytes using flow cytometry, and gut antimicrobial peptide genes and inflammatory markers by quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Statistical analyses included Kruskal-Wallis/Dunn's test and 2-factor ANOVA using HFS and WG as factors.

RESULTS:

There was a 4-fold increase (P = 0.007) in the beneficial bacterial family, Lactobacillaceae, in the HFS + WG compared with the HFS group. Fecal propionic and n-butyric acids were elevated at least 2-fold in C + WG compared with the other groups (P < 0.0001). WG tended to increase (≥7%; P-trend = 0.12) small intestinal regulatory T cellTh17 ratio, indicating a potential to induce an anti-inflammatory gut environment. WG elevated (≥35%) ileal gene expression of the anti-inflammatory cytokine Il10 compared to the unsupplemented groups (P = 0.038). Ileal gene expression of the antimicrobial peptides Reg3b and Reg3g was upregulated (≥95%) in the HFS + WG compared with other groups (P ≤ 0.040). WG reduced serum concentrations of the pro-inflammatory cytokines, interleukin (IL)-1B, IL-6, interferon-γ, and tumor necrosis factor-α (≥17%; P ≤ 0.012).

CONCLUSIONS:

WG selectively increased gut Lactobacillaceae, upregulated ileal antimicrobial peptides, and attenuated circulating pro-inflammatory cytokines of C57BL/6 mice fed a HFS diet. These changes may be vital in preventing HFS diet-induced comorbidities.
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Texto completo: 1 Base de dados: MEDLINE Assunto principal: Triticum / Lactobacillaceae / Sacarose Alimentar / Suplementos Nutricionais / Dieta Hiperlipídica / Microbioma Gastrointestinal Limite: Animals Idioma: En Ano de publicação: 2019 Tipo de documento: Article

Texto completo: 1 Base de dados: MEDLINE Assunto principal: Triticum / Lactobacillaceae / Sacarose Alimentar / Suplementos Nutricionais / Dieta Hiperlipídica / Microbioma Gastrointestinal Limite: Animals Idioma: En Ano de publicação: 2019 Tipo de documento: Article