Distribution and ecological risk of pharmaceuticals in surface water of the Yeongsan river, Republic of Korea.
Ecotoxicol Environ Saf
; 181: 180-186, 2019 Oct 15.
Article
em En
| MEDLINE
| ID: mdl-31185432
ABSTRACT
This study examined the distribution of pharmaceuticals in Yeongsan River and at point sources (PSs) in the associated water system, and performed a risk assessment based on our findings. The samples included effluents collected from three sewage treatment plants (PS1, PS2, and PS3) and two industrial complexes (PS4 and PS5) as well as surface water collected from seven mainstreams and 11 tributaries of the river. The target pharmaceuticals were acetylsalicylic acid, carbamazepine, clarithromycin, naproxen, sulfamethazine, sulfamethoxazole, sulfathiazole, and trimethoprim, which were detected by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. All pharmaceuticals except acetylsalicylic acid and sulfathiazole were found in PS1, PS2, and PS3 samples, whereas acetylsalicylic acid, carbamazepine, sulfamethazine, and sulfamethoxazole were found in PS4, most of the pharmaceuticals were not present in PS5. The rank order of pharmaceutical concentration in surface water was carbamazepine (97.2%, 0.2067⯵g/L)â¯>â¯sulfamethoxazole (88.9%, 0.1132⯵g/L)â¯>â¯naproxen (51.4%, 0.0516⯵g/L)â¯>â¯clarithromycin (43.1%, 0.0427⯵g/L). The distribution of pharmaceuticals in the Yeongsan River at PSs and non-PSs differed, and higher concentrations of human pharmaceuticals were detected in upstream and midstream areas whereas higher concentrations of animal pharmaceuticals were found downstream. Hazard quotients (HQs) evaluated at each sites based on mean concentration and 95% upper confidence limits (95% UCLs) were all less than one, indicating a low risk of toxicity. The findings of this study are expected to be useful for risk assessment of aquatic ecosystems.
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Texto completo:
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Base de dados:
MEDLINE
Assunto principal:
Poluentes Químicos da Água
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Preparações Farmacêuticas
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Rios
Tipo de estudo:
Etiology_studies
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Risk_factors_studies
País como assunto:
Asia
Idioma:
En
Ano de publicação:
2019
Tipo de documento:
Article