Pilot Trial of the Performance of Electrocardiogram in the Evaluation of Childhood Syncope in the Emergency Department.

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: The electrocardiogram (ECG) is widely considered a standard part of the syncope workup, and it is recommended to be obtained in all children with syncope. Nevertheless, a newly recognized cardiac cause is rare and largely incidental findings are commonly seen, leading to unneeded worry, additional testing, and added health care costs. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to analyze the performance of ECG in the evaluation of childhood syncope in the emergency department (ED). METHODS: This was a descriptive, retrospective, multicenter pilot study of patients younger than 14 years diagnosed with syncope in which an ECG was obtained in the ED in 2015 and 2016. RESULTS: During the study period, 440 patients were diagnosed with syncope, of which an ECG was performed in 197 (44.7%). Of these, 64 (32.5%) were related to any concerning features associated with the event, including 33 occurring during or after physical exertion. No major alteration of the ECG was noted, and the ECG revealed multiple minor findings in 38 (19.2%; 95% confidence interval, 14.4-25.4). Twenty-five (12.7%) children were referred to a pediatric cardiologist. No patient was noted to have a previously undiagnosed cardiac cause of syncope. CONCLUSIONS: A newly recognized cardiac cause is extremely rare among children evaluated for syncope in the ED, and ECG is not systematically obtained in this population. Larger studies are needed to clarify if it is possible to identify a group of children that can be safely managed without a systematic ECG. Best practices need to be better implemented for an adequate management of pediatric syncope in the ED.