Dose-response and transmission: the nexus between reservoir hosts, environment and recipient hosts.
Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci
; 374(1782): 20190016, 2019 09 30.
Article
em En
| MEDLINE
| ID: mdl-31401955
ABSTRACT
Dose is the nexus between exposure and all upstream processes that determine pathogen pressure, and is thereby an important element underlying disease dynamics. Understanding the relationship between dose and disease is particularly important in the context of spillover, where nonlinearities in the dose-response could determine the likelihood of transmission. There is a need to explore dose-response models for directly transmitted and zoonotic pathogens, and how these interactions integrate within-host factors to consider, for example, heterogeneity in host susceptibility and dose-dependent antagonism. Here, we review the dose-response literature and discuss the unique role dose-response models have to play in understanding and predicting spillover events. We present a re-analysis of dose-response experiments for two important zoonotic pathogens (Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus and Nipah virus), to exemplify potential difficulties in differentiating between appropriate models with small exposure experiment datasets. We also discuss the data requirements needed for robust selection between dose-response models. We then suggest how these processes could be modelled to gain more realistic predictions of zoonotic transmission outcomes and highlight the exciting opportunities that could arise with increased collaboration between the virology and epidemiology disciplines. This article is part of the theme issue 'Dynamic and integrative approaches to understanding pathogen spillover'.
Palavras-chave
Texto completo:
1
Base de dados:
MEDLINE
Assunto principal:
Reservatórios de Doenças
/
Infecções por Coronavirus
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Vírus Nipah
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Infecções por Henipavirus
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Meio Ambiente
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Interações Hospedeiro-Patógeno
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Coronavírus da Síndrome Respiratória do Oriente Médio
Tipo de estudo:
Prognostic_studies
Limite:
Animals
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Humans
Idioma:
En
Ano de publicação:
2019
Tipo de documento:
Article