Molecular mechanisms and cellular events involved in the neuroprotective actions of estradiol. Analysis of sex differences.
Front Neuroendocrinol
; 55: 100787, 2019 10.
Article
em En
| MEDLINE
| ID: mdl-31513774
ABSTRACT
Estradiol, either from peripheral or central origin, activates multiple molecular neuroprotective and neuroreparative responses that, being mediated by estrogen receptors or by estrogen receptor independent mechanisms, are initiated at the membrane, the cytoplasm or the cell nucleus of neural cells. Estrogen-dependent signaling regulates a variety of cellular events, such as intracellular Ca2+ levels, mitochondrial respiratory capacity, ATP production, mitochondrial membrane potential, autophagy and apoptosis. In turn, these molecular and cellular actions of estradiol are integrated by neurons and non-neuronal cells to generate different tissue protective responses, decreasing blood-brain barrier permeability, oxidative stress, neuroinflammation and excitotoxicity and promoting synaptic plasticity, axonal growth, neurogenesis, remyelination and neuroregeneration. Recent findings indicate that the neuroprotective and neuroreparative actions of estradiol are different in males and females and further research is necessary to fully elucidate the causes for this sex difference.
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Texto completo:
1
Base de dados:
MEDLINE
Assunto principal:
Autofagia
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Transdução de Sinais
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Receptores de Estrogênio
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Caracteres Sexuais
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Apoptose
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Estradiol
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Neurogênese
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Neuroproteção
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Inflamação
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Plasticidade Neuronal
Limite:
Animals
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Female
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Humans
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Male
Idioma:
En
Ano de publicação:
2019
Tipo de documento:
Article