Incidental pulmonary embolism in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma: Impact of tumor and AJCC stages at initial staging CT.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: To determine the prevalence of incidental pulmonary embolism (PE) detected during initial staging CT among patients with newly diagnosed pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) and assess their association with underlying tumor burden. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This retrospective cohort study evaluated staging chest CT scans (2013-2017) to identify PE among patients with treatment naïve, biopsy-proven PDAC. Data included age, sex, T stage, AJCC stage, presence/absence of metastases and their location at diagnosis. The association of PE with tumor (T1-T4) and AJCC stage were assessed using Pearson Chi-square and Fischer's exact test. A threshold p-value of <0.05 indicated statistical significance. RESULTS: A total of 174 patients (90 female, mean age, 68 years; range 34-93) were identified, of which 10 patients harbored incidental PE (prevalence, 5.7%). In the PE group, two patients presented with distant metastasis (liver, 20%), while eight patients had T4 tumors (80%). No statistical association was detected between PE and age, sex, and the presence/absence or location of distant metastasis (p = 0.065, p = 0.59, p = 0.687 and p = 0.933, respectively). Patients with T4 tumors and higher AJCC stages (stage III/IV) were significantly more likely to present with PE than those with lower T stage (p = 0.045) and AJCC stage (stage I/II; p = 0.017). CONCLUSION: The prevalence of incidental PE among PDAC patients undergoing initial CT staging is 5.7%. Patients with T4 and AJCC stages III/IV are at higher risk of PE. Caution should be exercised during radiographic interpretation of initial staging chest CTs, as incidental PE may be lurking and require treatment.