Drug-seeking: A literature review (and an exemplar of stigmatization in nursing).

ABSTRACT

Despite its lack of conceptual clarity and uniform definition, the term drug-seeking is used frequently by nurses from a variety of practice environments. The drugs patients are referred to as seeking are often pain medications. This is important because nursing has widely adopted a patient-centric definition of pain. Nursing also has a robust ethical code that places high value on human dignity and nurses' role in patient advocacy. A review of literature was conducted with the aims of describing whether/how the term drug-seeking has changed over time and to determine whether the use of the term in nursing literature is consistent with nursing values. Use of the term has shifted from objective counts of patient requests for medication to a confusing mixture of observable patient behavior and subjective interpretations of patient motivation. Its use is not consistent with nursing values. It is, in fact, a good illustration of stigmatization in nursing. Stigmatization is contrary to nursing values. Nurses in practice, research, education, authors, reviewers, and editors all have a role in ending this stigmatization.