Evaluating Enhancer Function and Transcription.
Annu Rev Biochem
; 89: 213-234, 2020 06 20.
Article
em En
| MEDLINE
| ID: mdl-32197056
Cell-type- and condition-specific profiles of gene expression require coordination between protein-coding gene promoters and cis-regulatory sequences called enhancers. Enhancers can stimulate gene activity at great genomic distances from their targets, raising questions about how enhancers communicate with specific gene promoters and what molecular mechanisms underlie enhancer function. Characterization of enhancer loci has identified the molecular features of active enhancers that accompany the binding of transcription factors and local opening of chromatin. These characteristics include coactivator recruitment, histone modifications, and noncoding RNA transcription. However, it remains unclear which of these features functionally contribute to enhancer activity. Here, we discuss what is known about how enhancers regulate their target genes and how enhancers and promoters communicate. Further, we describe recent data demonstrating many similarities between enhancers and the gene promoters they control, and we highlight unanswered questions in the field, such as the potential roles of transcription at enhancers.
Palavras-chave
Texto completo:
1
Base de dados:
MEDLINE
Assunto principal:
Transcrição Gênica
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RNA Polimerase II
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Regulação da Expressão Gênica
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Elementos Facilitadores Genéticos
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Regiões Promotoras Genéticas
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Genoma
Tipo de estudo:
Prognostic_studies
Limite:
Animals
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Humans
Idioma:
En
Ano de publicação:
2020
Tipo de documento:
Article