Arterial Stiffness: A Focus on Vascular Calcification and Its Link to Bone Mineralization.
Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol
; 40(5): 1078-1093, 2020 05.
Article
em En
| MEDLINE
| ID: mdl-32237904
ABSTRACT
This review focuses on the association between vascular calcification and arterial stiffness, highlighting the important genetic factors, systemic and local microenvironmental signals, and underlying signaling pathways and molecular regulators of vascular calcification. Elevated oxidative stress appears to be a common procalcification factor that induces osteogenic differentiation and calcification of vascular cells in a variety of disease conditions such as atherosclerosis, diabetes mellitus, and chronic kidney disease. Thus, the role of oxidative stress and oxidative stress-regulated signals in vascular smooth muscle cells and their contributions to vascular calcification are highlighted. In relation to diabetes mellitus, the regulation of both hyperglycemia and increased protein glycosylation, by AGEs (advanced glycation end products) and O-linked ß-N-acetylglucosamine modification, and its role in enhancing intracellular pathophysiological signaling that promotes osteogenic differentiation and calcification of vascular smooth muscle cells are discussed. In the context of chronic kidney disease, this review details the role of calcium and phosphate homeostasis, parathyroid hormone, and specific calcification inhibitors in regulating vascular calcification. In addition, the impact of the systemic and microenvironmental factors on respective intrinsic signaling pathways that promote osteogenic differentiation and calcification of vascular smooth muscle cells and osteoblasts are compared and contrasted, aiming to dissect the commonalities and distinctions that underlie the paradoxical vascular-bone mineralization disorders in aging and diseases.
Palavras-chave
Texto completo:
1
Base de dados:
MEDLINE
Assunto principal:
Osteogênese
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Artérias
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Calcificação Vascular
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Rigidez Vascular
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Remodelação Vascular
Tipo de estudo:
Etiology_studies
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Risk_factors_studies
Limite:
Animals
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Humans
Idioma:
En
Ano de publicação:
2020
Tipo de documento:
Article