A positive perspective on DNA methylation: regulatory functions of DNA methylation outside of host defense in Gram-positive bacteria.
Crit Rev Biochem Mol Biol
; 55(6): 576-591, 2020 12.
Article
em En
| MEDLINE
| ID: mdl-33059472
ABSTRACT
The presence of post-replicative DNA methylation is pervasive among both prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms. In bacteria, the study of DNA methylation has largely been in the context of restriction-modification systems, where DNA methylation serves to safeguard the chromosome against restriction endonuclease cleavage intended for invading DNA. There has been a growing recognition that the methyltransferase component of restriction-modification systems can also regulate gene expression, with important contributions to virulence factor gene expression in bacterial pathogens. Outside of restriction-modification systems, DNA methylation from orphan methyltransferases, which lack cognate restriction endonucleases, has been shown to regulate important processes, including DNA replication, DNA mismatch repair, and the regulation of gene expression. The majority of research and review articles have been focused on DNA methylation in the context of Gram-negative bacteria, with emphasis toward Escherichia coli, Caulobacter crescentus, and related Proteobacteria. Here we summarize the epigenetic functions of DNA methylation outside of host defense in Gram-positive bacteria, with a focus on the regulatory effects of both phase variable methyltransferases and DNA methyltransferases from traditional restriction-modification systems.
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Base de dados:
MEDLINE
Assunto principal:
Metilação de DNA
/
Bactérias Gram-Positivas
Idioma:
En
Ano de publicação:
2020
Tipo de documento:
Article