Comparing the tracheostomy dislodgement and complication rate of non-sutured neck tie to skin sutured neck tie fixation.

INTRODUCTION: Tracheostomy management is a routine aspect of care in the critical care setting. While there are multiple complications that can arise in the post-operative setting after creation of a tracheostomy, dislodgement of a tracheostomy tube is associated with high mortality requiring rapid intervention. It is therefore important to prevent the occurrence with proper securement of the tracheostomy. In this study, we look at two methods commonly used to secure tracheostomy tubes: suturing of the lateral flanges to the skin with the use of cloth neck ties versus cloth neck ties alone. METHODS: This is a retrospective study with data collected from 1355 consecutive tracheostomy cases at a single institution. Our institution serves the County of San Bernardino, California as a level II trauma center. Patient selection occurred between 2004 and 2018, with distribution of patients to skin-sutured with neck tie tracheostomies (ST) and non-sutured neck tied only tracheostomies (NST) groups occurring by date of tracheostomy surgery. Our study investigates the dislodgement rate of percutaneous tracheostomies secured by either of these two methods. Due to a greater morbidity of tracheostomy dislodgement before a mature fistula tract is formed, we were specifically interested in the dislodgement rate within 7 days. RESULTS: In total, 328 cases of NST and 1027 cases of ST were collected. Overall, there was no statistically significant difference regarding the dislodgement and accidental decannulation rate between NST and ST (2.32% vs 4.46% for NST and ST, respectively, p = 0.1476). There was also no statistically significant difference regarding rates of dislodgement and accidental decannulation within 7 days between NST and ST (1.54% vs 1.11% for NST and ST, respectively, p = 0.5608). DISCUSSION: It takes 5-7 days for a tracheostomy tract to mature, and therefore most dislodgement occurs perioperatively within the first week after placement. Dislodgement of the tracheostomy tube can lead to devastating complications for those patients. To our knowledge, there has been no study investigating dislodgement in the early post-operative period in relation to tracheostomy securement method. CONCLUSION: Due to the emergent nature of tracheostomy dislodgement and loss of airway, prevention of this complication is critical. Our investigation found no statistically significant difference in the rate of early tracheostomy dislodgement in the skin sutured with neck tie and non-sutured neck tie only groups. This study contributes further data to the available literature regarding tracheostomy securement methods and dislodgement rate, specifically within the early post-operative period. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: 2b.