Acute kidney injury and mortality in pediatric Lassa fever versus question of access to dialysis.

OBJECTIVES: To assess the prevalence of acute kidney injury (AKI), and its impact on outcome in hospitalized pediatric patients with Lassa fever (LF). METHODS: We reviewed the presenting clinical and laboratory features and outcomes of 40 successive hospitalized children with PCR-confirmed LF. The diagnosis and staging of AKI was based on KDIGO criteria. We compared groups of patients using t- or χ2 tests as necessary, and took p-values <0.05 as indicative of the presence of significant differences. RESULTS: Sixteen (40%) children had AKI. Case fatality rate (CFR) was 9/16 (56%) in children with and 1/24 (4%) in those without AKI (OR [95% CI] of CFR associated with AKI = 29.57 [3.17, 275.7]). Presentation with abnormal bleeding (p = 0.008), encephalopathy (p = 0.004), hematuria plus proteinuria (p = 0.013), and elevated serum transaminase levels (p <0.02) were significantly associated with an increased prevalence of AKI. CONCLUSION: AKI prevalence in hospitalized pediatric patients with Lassa fever is high, and correlated with illness severity/CFR. The high prevalence underscores the need for access to hemodialysis, and clinical presentation and/or presence of hematuria plus proteinuria could serve as a ready prompt for referral for such specialized care.