Mediators of Metabolism: An Unconventional Role for NOD1 and NOD2.
Int J Mol Sci
; 22(3)2021 Jan 25.
Article
em En
| MEDLINE
| ID: mdl-33503814
ABSTRACT
In addition to their classical roles as bacterial sensors, NOD1 and NOD2 have been implicated as mediators of metabolic disease. Increased expression of NOD1 and/or NOD2 has been reported in a range of human metabolic diseases, including obesity, diabetes, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, and metabolic syndrome. Although NOD1 and NOD2 share intracellular signaling pathway components, they are differentially upregulated on a cellular level and have opposing impacts on metabolic disease development in mouse models. These NOD-like receptors may directly mediate signaling downstream of cell stressors, such as endoplasmic reticulum stress and calcium influx, or in response to metabolic signals, such as fatty acids and glucose. Other studies suggest that stimulation of NOD1 or NOD2 by their bacterial ligands can result in inflammation, altered insulin responses, increased reactive oxygen signaling, and mitochondrial dysfunction. The activating stimuli for NOD1 and NOD2 in the context of metabolic disease are controversial and may be a combination of both metabolic and circulating bacterial ligands. In this review, we will summarize the current knowledge of how NOD1 and NOD2 may mediate metabolism in health and disease, as well as highlight areas of future investigation.
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Texto completo:
1
Base de dados:
MEDLINE
Assunto principal:
Transdução de Sinais
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Suscetibilidade a Doenças
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Metabolismo Energético
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Proteína Adaptadora de Sinalização NOD1
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Proteína Adaptadora de Sinalização NOD2
Tipo de estudo:
Etiology_studies
Limite:
Animals
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Humans
Idioma:
En
Ano de publicação:
2021
Tipo de documento:
Article