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Tropicalization of temperate ecosystems in North America: The northward range expansion of tropical organisms in response to warming winter temperatures.
Osland, Michael J; Stevens, Philip W; Lamont, Margaret M; Brusca, Richard C; Hart, Kristen M; Waddle, J Hardin; Langtimm, Catherine A; Williams, Caroline M; Keim, Barry D; Terando, Adam J; Reyier, Eric A; Marshall, Katie E; Loik, Michael E; Boucek, Ross E; Lewis, Amanda B; Seminoff, Jeffrey A.
Afiliação
  • Osland MJ; U.S. Geological Survey, Lafayette, LA, USA.
  • Stevens PW; Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission, Fish and Wildlife Research Institute, St. Petersburg, FL, USA.
  • Lamont MM; U.S. Geological Survey, Gainesville, FL, USA.
  • Brusca RC; University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA.
  • Hart KM; U.S. Geological Survey, Davie, FL, USA.
  • Waddle JH; U.S. Geological Survey, Gainesville, FL, USA.
  • Langtimm CA; U.S. Geological Survey, Gainesville, FL, USA.
  • Williams CM; University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA.
  • Keim BD; Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, USA.
  • Terando AJ; U.S. Geological Survey, Raleigh, NC, USA.
  • Reyier EA; Herndon Solutions Group, LLC, NASA Environmental and Medical Contract, Mail Code: NEM-022, Kennedy Space Center, FL, USA.
  • Marshall KE; University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
  • Loik ME; University of California, Santa Cruz, CA, USA.
  • Boucek RE; Bonefish and Tarpon Trust, Marathon, FL, USA.
  • Lewis AB; Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, USA.
  • Seminoff JA; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, La Jolla, CA, USA.
Glob Chang Biol ; 27(13): 3009-3034, 2021 07.
Article em En | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33605004
ABSTRACT
Tropicalization is a term used to describe the transformation of temperate ecosystems by poleward-moving tropical organisms in response to warming temperatures. In North America, decreases in the frequency and intensity of extreme winter cold events are expected to allow the poleward range expansion of many cold-sensitive tropical organisms, sometimes at the expense of temperate organisms. Although ecologists have long noted the critical ecological role of winter cold temperature extremes in tropical-temperate transition zones, the ecological effects of extreme cold events have been understudied, and the influence of warming winter temperatures has too often been left out of climate change vulnerability assessments. Here, we examine the influence of extreme cold events on the northward range limits of a diverse group of tropical organisms, including terrestrial plants, coastal wetland plants, coastal fishes, sea turtles, terrestrial reptiles, amphibians, manatees, and insects. For these organisms, extreme cold events can lead to major physiological damage or landscape-scale mass mortality. Conversely, the absence of extreme cold events can foster population growth, range expansion, and ecological regime shifts. We discuss the effects of warming winters on species and ecosystems in tropical-temperate transition zones. In the 21st century, climate change-induced decreases in the frequency and intensity of extreme cold events are expected to facilitate the poleward range expansion of many tropical species. Our review highlights critical knowledge gaps for advancing understanding of the ecological implications of the tropicalization of temperate ecosystems in North America.
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Texto completo: 1 Base de dados: MEDLINE Assunto principal: Mudança Climática / Ecossistema Limite: Animals País como assunto: America do norte Idioma: En Ano de publicação: 2021 Tipo de documento: Article

Texto completo: 1 Base de dados: MEDLINE Assunto principal: Mudança Climática / Ecossistema Limite: Animals País como assunto: America do norte Idioma: En Ano de publicação: 2021 Tipo de documento: Article