Approaches to assessing the provider experience with clinical pharmacogenomic information: a scoping review.

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: Barriers to the implementation of pharmacogenomics in clinical practice have been thoroughly discussed over the past decade. METHODS: The objective of this scoping review was to characterize the peer-reviewed literature surrounding the experiences and actions of prescribers, pharmacists, or genetic counselors when using pharmacogenomic information in real-world or hypothetical research settings. RESULTS: A total of 33 studies were included in the scoping review. The majority of studies were conducted in the United States (70%), used quantitative or mixed methods (79%) with physician or pharmacist respondents (100%). The qualitative content analysis revealed five major methodological approaches hypothetical clinical case scenarios, real-world studies evaluating prescriber response to recommendations or alerts, cross-sectional quantitative surveys, cross-sectional qualitative surveys/interviews, and a quasi-experimental real-world study. CONCLUSION: The findings of this scoping review can guide further research on the factors needed to successfully integrate pharmacogenomics into clinical care.