Placental Vascular Abnormalities in Association With Prenatal and Long-Term Health Characteristics Among HIV-Exposed Uninfected Adolescents and Young Adults.
J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr
; 88(1): 103-109, 2021 09 01.
Article
em En
| MEDLINE
| ID: mdl-34034303
ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND:
HIV-exposed uninfected (HEU) individuals are predisposed to adverse health outcomes, which in part may stem from the influence of an altered intrauterine milieu on fetal programming. The placenta serves as a readout for the effects of the maternal environment on the developing fetus and may itself contribute to the pathogenesis of disease.SETTING:
US academic health system.METHODS:
We leveraged a previously established registry-based cohort of HEU adolescents and young adults to identify 26 subjects for whom placental histopathology was available. We further obtained placental tissue from 29 HIV-unexposed pregnancies for comparison. We examined differences in placental histopathology between the groups and related villous vascularity in the HEU group to prenatal maternal characteristics and long-term health outcomes.RESULTS:
Placentas from HEU pregnancies demonstrated a higher blood vessel count per villus as compared with controls (5.9 ± 1.0 vs. 5.4 ± 0.8; P = 0.05), which was independent of maternal prenatal age, race, body mass index, smoking status, hemoglobin, and gestational age. Furthermore, within the HEU group, lower CD4+ T-cell count during pregnancy was associated with greater placental vascularity (r = -0.44; P = 0.03). No significant relationships were observed between placental blood vessel count per villus and body mass index z-score or reactive airway disease among HEU individuals later in life.CONCLUSIONS:
Placentas from HEU pregnancies demonstrated increased villous vascularity compared with HIV-unexposed controls in proportion to the severity of maternal immune dysfunction. Further studies are needed to examine intrauterine exposure to hypoxia as a potential mechanism of fetal programming in HIV.
Texto completo:
1
Base de dados:
MEDLINE
Assunto principal:
Placenta
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Complicações Infecciosas na Gravidez
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Infecções por HIV
Tipo de estudo:
Etiology_studies
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Incidence_studies
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Observational_studies
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Prognostic_studies
/
Risk_factors_studies
Limite:
Adolescent
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Adult
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Female
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Humans
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Pregnancy
Idioma:
En
Ano de publicação:
2021
Tipo de documento:
Article