Nasal cavity structural anomalies in children and adolescents at high risk of sleep-disordered breathing: An exploratory cone-beam computed tomography study.

INTRODUCTION: In this study, we investigated the presence of structural anomalies in the nasal cavity (deviated nasal septum [DNS] and turbinate hypertrophy [TH]) in patients at high risk or not of sleep-disordered breathing (SDB). METHODS: A retrospective study considering available cone-beam computed tomography scans of 99 patients was conducted. Dolphin Imaging software (Dolphin Imaging and Management Solutions, Chatsworth, Calif) was used to process the craniofacial scans. A pediatric sleep questionnaire (PSQ) was used to suggest a high risk of SDB. Subjective and objective assessments of DNS and TH were considered. RESULTS: Good to excellent intrareliability and interreliability were attained. The prevalence of a PSQ score suggestive of a high risk of SDB in this sample was 59%. The prevalence of subjective DNS and TH assessment was 64% and 70%, respectively. In contrast, on the basis of objective assessments, 27% of patients presented with DNS and 25% with TH. Cross-tabulation of DNS and TH with PSQ score indicated a statistically significant association between subjective DNS and subjective TH and subjective TH and positive PSQ. A positive correlation between age and subjective and objective DNS assessments was also observed. CONCLUSIONS: Older patients are more likely to present with DNS. Only the presence of subjectively determined TH in patients is associated with a high risk for SDB. The study reveals that assessment of DNS and TH using cone-beam computed tomography imaging is not likely suitable to strongly suggest patients at high risk for SDB. DNS subjective assessments were capable of identifying less than 5% of deviation.