HPV status and therapeutic initial strategy impact on survival and oncologic outcomes: 5-year results from the multicentric prospective cohort of oropharyngeal cancers Papillophar.

PURPOSE: After the 2 years of follow-up, we aimed to evaluate at 5 years the impact of human papillomavirus (HPV) status, tobacco, and initial treatment approach on progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) of patients with oropharyngeal cancer (OPC) in France. METHODS: Papillophar study was designed as a prospective cohort of 340 OPC patients in 14 French hospitals. HPV-positive status (21.7%) was defined with PCR (positivity for HPV DNA and E6/E7 mRNA). Cox proportional hazard models were used to assess the relationship between PFS, OS, HPV, and other prognostic factors. The combined effect of HPV status with smoking, stage, or initial treatment on PFS was also evaluated. RESULTS: HPV-pos patients had better PFS than HPV-neg patients (HR = 0.46; 95% CI: 0.29-0.74), and worse for older patients (HR for 5-year age increase = 1.14), UICC stage 4 from the 7th TNM classification compared to stage 1-2 (HR = 2.58; CI: 1.33-5.00), and those having had radiotherapy (HR = 2.07; 95% CI: 1.36-3.16) or induction chemotherapy (HR = 2.11; 95% CI: 1.32-3.38) instead of upfront surgery. HPV-neg patients encountered a larger incidence of loco-regional disease than HPV-pos patients (31.5% and 14.0%, respectively, p = 0.0001). Distant metastases proportion was similar. HPV-neg patients developed more second primary tumor than HPV-pos patients (11.7% vs. 3.3%, p = 0.02). CONCLUSIONS: 5-year follow-up confirms the specifically improved prognosis in HPV-positive patients. The prognosis is nevertheless significantly modified through clinical and therapeutical variations.