Spatiotemporal map of key signaling factors during early penis development.
Dev Dyn
; 251(4): 609-624, 2022 04.
Article
em En
| MEDLINE
| ID: mdl-34697862
ABSTRACT
The formation of the external genitalia is a highly complex developmental process, considering it involves a wide range of cell types and results in sexually dimorphic outcomes. Development is controlled by several secreted signalling factors produced in complex spatiotemporal patterns, including the hedgehog (HH), bone morphogenic protein (BMP), fibroblast growth factor (FGF) and WNT signalling families. Many of these factors act on or are influenced by the actions of the androgen receptor (AR) that is critical to masculinisation. This complexity of expression makes it difficult to conceptualise patterns of potential importance. Mapping expression during key stages of development is needed to develop a comprehensive model of how different cell types interact in formation of external genitalia, and the global regulatory networks at play. This is particularly true in light of the sensitivity of this process to environmental disruption during key stages of development. The goal of this review is to integrate all recent studies on gene expression in early penis development to create a comprehensive spatiotemporal map. This serves as a resource to aid in visualising potentially significant interactions involved in external genital development.
Palavras-chave
Texto completo:
1
Base de dados:
MEDLINE
Assunto principal:
Regulação da Expressão Gênica no Desenvolvimento
/
Proteínas Hedgehog
Tipo de estudo:
Prognostic_studies
Limite:
Humans
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Male
Idioma:
En
Ano de publicação:
2022
Tipo de documento:
Article