Role of Orai3 in the Pathophysiology of Cancer.

ABSTRACT

The mammalian exclusive Orai3 channel participates in the generation and/or modulation of two independent Ca2+ currents, the store-operated current, Icrac, involving functional interactions between the stromal interaction molecules (STIM), STIM1/STIM2, and Orai1/Orai2/Orai3, as well as the store-independent arachidonic acid (AA) (or leukotriene C4)-regulated current Iarc, which involves Orai1, Orai3 and STIM1. Overexpression of functional Orai3 has been described in different neoplastic cells and cancer tissue samples as compared to non-tumor cells or normal adjacent tissue. In these cells, Orai3 exhibits a cell-specific relevance in Ca2+ influx. In estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer cells and non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells store-operated Ca2+ entry (SOCE) is strongly dependent on Orai3 expression while in colorectal cancer and pancreatic adenocarcinoma cells Orai3 predominantly modulates SOCE. On the other hand, in prostate cancer cells Orai3 expression has been associated with the formation of Orai1/Orai3 heteromeric channels regulated by AA and reduction in SOCE, thus leading to enhanced proliferation. Orai3 overexpression is associated with supporting several cancer hallmarks, including cell cycle progression, proliferation, migration, and apoptosis resistance. This review summarizes the current knowledge concerning the functional role of Orai3 in the pathogenesis of cancer.