[Hyperacute periarteritis nodosa complicating Basedow's disease]. / Périartérite noueuse d'évolution suraiguë au cours d'une maladie de Basedow.

The symptoms and the evolution of necrotizing vasculitis vary greatly. The authors illustrate the case of an 18 year old patient with a history of frequent allergic manifestations (urticaria and others) who was found to have, in septembre 1975, a typical case of Grave's disease. During the following 2 months she was treated with an iodide derivative. One year later the clinical signs increased to the point where a treatment associating lugol, carbamizole and propanolol was deemed necessary. Less than 2 months later there developed a polyvisceral disease with oscillating fever, polyarthralgia and necrotizing vasculitis. The plurivisceral nature of the illness was further illustrated by the presence of a hyperreflexia, a glomerulopathy and retinal exsudats. A muscle biopsy revealed the necrotizing vasculitis with granulomas typical of periarteritis nodosa. Cardiac, neurologic and renal complications were responsable for a rapid down-hill course and despite corticoïdes and immunosuppresive drugs, the patient died after a few weeks of treatment. That periarteritis nodosa should complicate the evolution of Grave's disease suggests a connection between the two, very probably immunologic in nature. The role of drugs capable of inducing vasculitis must be explored, especially the iodide derivatives, the antithyroïd medications or their association. Such cases, even though they may be rare, should incite special care in the prescription of antithyroïd drugs in the allergic patient.