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Practical Indicators for Risk of Airborne Transmission in Shared Indoor Environments and Their Application to COVID-19 Outbreaks.
Peng, Z; Rojas, A L Pineda; Kropff, E; Bahnfleth, W; Buonanno, G; Dancer, S J; Kurnitski, J; Li, Y; Loomans, M G L C; Marr, L C; Morawska, L; Nazaroff, W; Noakes, C; Querol, X; Sekhar, C; Tellier, R; Greenhalgh, T; Bourouiba, L; Boerstra, A; Tang, J W; Miller, S L; Jimenez, J L.
Afiliação
  • Peng Z; Dept. of Chemistry and CIRES, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States.
  • Rojas ALP; CIMA, UMI-IFAECI/CNRS, FCEyN, Universidad de Buenos Aires─UBA/CONICET, Buenos Aires C1428EGA, Argentina.
  • Kropff E; Leloir Institute─IIBBA/CONICET, CBA, Buenos Aires C1405BWE, Argentina.
  • Bahnfleth W; Dept. of Architectural Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States.
  • Buonanno G; Dept. of Civil and Mechanical Engineering, University of Cassino and Southern Lazio, Cassino 03043, Italy.
  • Dancer SJ; Dept. of Microbiology, NHS Lanarkshire, Glasgow, Scotland G75 8RG, U.K.
  • Kurnitski J; School of Applied Sciences, Edinburgh Napier University, Edinburgh, Scotland EH11 4BN, U.K.
  • Li Y; REHVA Technology and Research Committee, Tallinn University of Technology, Tallinn 19086, Estonia.
  • Loomans MGLC; Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China.
  • Marr LC; Dept. of the Built Environment, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven 5612 AZ, The Netherlands.
  • Morawska L; Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States.
  • Nazaroff W; International Laboratory for Air Quality and Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland 4001, Australia.
  • Noakes C; Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States.
  • Querol X; School of Civil Engineering, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, U.K.
  • Sekhar C; Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research, IDAEA, Spanish Research Council, CSIC, Barcelona 08034, Spain.
  • Tellier R; Dept. of the Built Environment, National University of Singapore , 117566 Singapore.
  • Greenhalgh T; Dept. of Medicine, McGill University and McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Québec H4A 3J1, Canada.
  • Bourouiba L; Nuffield Dept. of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford OX2 6GG, U.K.
  • Boerstra A; The Fluid Dynamics of Disease Transmission Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States.
  • Tang JW; REHVA (Federation of European Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning Associations), BBA Binnenmilieu, The Hague 2501 CJ, The Netherlands.
  • Miller SL; Dept. of Respiratory Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 7RH, U.K.
  • Jimenez JL; Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States.
Environ Sci Technol ; 56(2): 1125-1137, 2022 01 18.
Article em En | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34985868
Some infectious diseases, including COVID-19, can undergo airborne transmission. This may happen at close proximity, but as time indoors increases, infections can occur in shared room air despite distancing. We propose two indicators of infection risk for this situation, that is, relative risk parameter (Hr) and risk parameter (H). They combine the key factors that control airborne disease transmission indoors: virus-containing aerosol generation rate, breathing flow rate, masking and its quality, ventilation and aerosol-removal rates, number of occupants, and duration of exposure. COVID-19 outbreaks show a clear trend that is consistent with airborne infection and enable recommendations to minimize transmission risk. Transmission in typical prepandemic indoor spaces is highly sensitive to mitigation efforts. Previous outbreaks of measles, influenza, and tuberculosis were also assessed. Measles outbreaks occur at much lower risk parameter values than COVID-19, while tuberculosis outbreaks are observed at higher risk parameter values. Because both diseases are accepted as airborne, the fact that COVID-19 is less contagious than measles does not rule out airborne transmission. It is important that future outbreak reports include information on masking, ventilation and aerosol-removal rates, number of occupants, and duration of exposure, to investigate airborne transmission.
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Texto completo: 1 Base de dados: MEDLINE Assunto principal: Poluição do Ar em Ambientes Fechados / COVID-19 Tipo de estudo: Etiology_studies / Risk_factors_studies Limite: Humans Idioma: En Ano de publicação: 2022 Tipo de documento: Article

Texto completo: 1 Base de dados: MEDLINE Assunto principal: Poluição do Ar em Ambientes Fechados / COVID-19 Tipo de estudo: Etiology_studies / Risk_factors_studies Limite: Humans Idioma: En Ano de publicação: 2022 Tipo de documento: Article