Sodium-Ion Battery with a Wide Operation-Temperature Range from -70 to 100 °C.

ABSTRACT

Sodium-ion batteries (SIBs), as one of the potential candidates for grid-scale energy storage systems, are required to tackle extreme weather conditions. However, the all-weather SIBs with a wide operation-temperature range are rarely reported. Herein, we propose a wide-temperature range SIB, which involves a carbon-coated Na4 Fe3 (PO4 )2 P2 O7 (NFPP@C) cathode, a bismuth (Bi) anode, and a diglyme-based electrolyte. We demonstrate that solvated Na+ can be directly stored by the Bi anode via an alloying reaction without the de-solvent process. Furthermore, the NFPP@C cathode exhibits a high Na+ diffusion coefficient at low temperature. As a result, the Bi//NFPP@C battery exhibits perfect low-temperature behavior. Even at -70 °C, this battery still delivers 70.19 % of the room-temperature capacity. Furthermore, benefitting from the high boiling point of the electrolyte, this battery also works well at a high temperature of up to 100 °C. These results are encouraging for the further exploration of wide-temperature range SIBs.