Evolutionary Landscapes of Host-Virus Arms Races.
Annu Rev Immunol
; 40: 271-294, 2022 04 26.
Article
em En
| MEDLINE
| ID: mdl-35080919
ABSTRACT
Vertebrate immune systems suppress viral infection using both innate restriction factors and adaptive immunity. Viruses mutate to escape these defenses, driving hosts to counterevolve to regain fitness. This cycle recurs repeatedly, resulting in an evolutionary arms race whose outcome depends on the pace and likelihood of adaptation by host and viral genes. Although viruses evolve faster than their vertebrate hosts, their proteins are subject to numerous functional constraints that impact the probability of adaptation. These constraints are globally defined by evolutionary landscapes, which describe the fitness and adaptive potential of all possible mutations. We review deep mutational scanning experiments mapping the evolutionary landscapes of both host and viral proteins engaged in arms races. For restriction factors and some broadly neutralizing antibodies, landscapes favor the host, which may help to level the evolutionary playing field against rapidly evolving viruses. We discuss the biophysical underpinnings of these landscapes and their therapeutic implications.
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Texto completo:
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Base de dados:
MEDLINE
Assunto principal:
Vírus
/
Viroses
Limite:
Animals
/
Humans
Idioma:
En
Ano de publicação:
2022
Tipo de documento:
Article