Simultaneous acceleration of osteogenesis and angiogenesis by surface oxygen vacancies of rutile nanorods.

ABSTRACT

Advanced implants with simultaneous accelerated osteogenic and angiogenic capacities are of great importance for osteointegration. Much attention has been paid to simultaneously enhancing the osteogenesis and angiogenesis by surface decoration of bioactive molecules or ions on biomaterial surface, but the inherent physical cue of material surface down to the atomic-scale features have always been ignored. In this study, we demonstrate that regulation of surface oxygen vacancies defects of rutile nanorods are able to simultaneous accelerate the osteogenesis and angiogenesis. The concentration of surface oxygen vacancies defects of rutile nanorods can be manipulated by simple redox processing. The osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), angiogenic differentiation and vessel-like tube structures of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) on oxygen vacancies rich surface are significantly up-regulated. This work therefore emphasizes the critical role of the inherent material atomic-scale features and provides a novel strategy to accelerate the osteogenesis and angiogenesis of Ti-based implant.