Decreased hepatitis B virus vaccine response among HIV-positive infants compared with HIV-negative infants in Botswana.
AIDS
; 36(6): 755-762, 2022 05 01.
Article
em En
| MEDLINE
| ID: mdl-35113045
ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVES:
We sought to determine vaccine antibody titres and the prevalence of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) in both HIV-positive and HIV-negative infants born to HIV-positive mothers in Botswana.DESIGN:
This was a retrospective cross-sectional study using 449 archived dried blood spot samples from both HIV-positive and HIV-negative infants collected between 2016 and 2018.METHODS:
We screened dried blood spot samples for HBsAg and determined hepatitis B surface antibody titres. We determined hepatitis B virus (HBV) genotypes by amplifying 415 base-pairs of the surface region.RESULTS:
HIV-positive infants mounted a significantly lower immune response to the HBV vaccine (Pâ <â0.001). Furthermore, a lower proportion of HIV-positive infants had protective hepatitis B surface antibody titres (74.5%) than HIV-negative infants (89.2%) (Pâ<â0.001). HIV-positive infants were older and 50.9% of them had completed vaccination (Pâ=â0.018). Of the 449 infant samples tested, three (0.67%) were positive for HBsAg. Of the three HBsAg-positive infants, two had protective titres (>10âmIU/ml). Two of the three HBV-positive infants were infected with genotype D3 and had no drug-resistance or escape mutations.CONCLUSION:
Vaccine response was lower among HIV-positive infants compared with HIV-negative infants. HBV infections were observed in both HIV-positive and HIV-negative infants in Botswana. Studies to investigate additional preventive strategies to reduce HBV mother-to-child transmission are recommended.
Texto completo:
1
Base de dados:
MEDLINE
Assunto principal:
Vacinas Virais
/
Infecções por HIV
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Soropositividade para HIV
/
Hepatite B
Tipo de estudo:
Observational_studies
/
Prevalence_studies
/
Risk_factors_studies
Limite:
Female
/
Humans
/
Infant
País como assunto:
Africa
Idioma:
En
Ano de publicação:
2022
Tipo de documento:
Article