ABC, accelerated blood clearance; ACT, adoptive cell transfer; ATO, atovaquone; ATP, adenosine triphosphate; BV, Biliverdin; Ber, berberine; CI, combination index; CPT, camptothecin; CTLs, cytotoxic T lymphocytes; Cancer treatment; Carrier-free; Ce6, chlorine e6; Combination therapy; DBNP, DOX-Ber nano-assemblies; DBNP@CM, DBNP were cloaked with 4T1 cell membranes; DCs, dendritic cells; DOX, doxorubicin; DPDNAs, dual pure drug nano-assemblies; EGFR, epithelial growth factor receptor; EPI, epirubicin; EPR, enhanced permeability and retention; FRET, Forster Resonance Energy Transfer; GEF, gefitinib; HCPT, hydroxycamptothecin; HMGB1, high-mobility group box 1; IC50, half maximal inhibitory concentration; ICB, immunologic checkpoint blockade; ICD, immunogenic cell death; ICG, indocyanine green; ITM, immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment; MDS, molecular dynamics simulations; MPDNAs, multiple pure drug nano-assemblies; MRI, magnetic resonance imaging; MTX, methotrexate; NIR, near-infrared; NPs, nanoparticles; NSCLC, non-small cell lung cancer; Nano-DDSs, nanoparticulate drug delivery systems; Nanomedicine; Nanotechnology; PAI, photoacoustic imaging; PD-1, PD receptor 1; PD-L1, PD receptor 1 ligand; PDNAs, pure drug nano-assemblies; PDT, photodynamic therapy; PPa, pheophorbide A; PTT, photothermal therapy; PTX, paclitaxel; Poly I:C, polyriboinosinic:polyribocytidylic acid; Pure drug; QSNAP, quantitative structure-nanoparticle assembly prediction; RBC, red blood cell; RNA, ribonucleic acid; ROS, reactive oxygen species; SPDNAs, single pure drug nano-assemblies; Self-assembly; TA, tannic acid; TEM, transmission electron microscopy; TLR4, Toll-like receptor 4; TME, tumor microenvironment; TNBC, triple negative breast; TTZ, trastuzumab; Top I & II, topoisomerase I & II; UA, ursolic acid; YSV, tripeptide tyroservatide; ZHO, Z-Histidine-Obzl; dsRNA, double-stranded RNA; α-PD-L1, anti-PD-L1 monoclonal antibody