Increased Adiposity and Low Height-for-Age in Early Childhood Are Associated With Later Metabolic Risks in American Indian Children and Adolescents.
J Nutr
; 152(8): 1872-1885, 2022 08 09.
Article
em En
| MEDLINE
| ID: mdl-35147199
ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND:
Growth abnormalities in childhood have been related to later cardiometabolic risks, but little is known about these associations in populations at high risk of type 2 diabetes.OBJECTIVES:
We examined the associations of patterns of growth, including weight and height at ages 1-59 months, with cardiometabolic risk factors at ages 5-16 years.METHODS:
We linked anthropometric data collected at ages 1-59 months to cardiometabolic data obtained from a longitudinal study in a southwestern American Indian population at high risk of diabetes. Analyses included 701 children with ≥1 follow-up examination at ages 5-16 years. We derived age- and sex-specific weight-for-height z-scores (WHZ) and height-for-age z-scores (HAZ) at ages 1-59 months. We selected the highest observed WHZ and the lowest observed HAZ at ages 1-59 months and analyzed associations of z-scores and categories of WHZ and HAZ with cardiometabolic outcomes at ages 5-16 years. We used linear mixed-effects models to account for repeated measures.RESULTS:
Overweight/obesity (WHZ >2) at ages 1-59 months was significantly associated with increased BMI, fasting and 2-hour postload plasma glucose, fasting and 2-hour insulin, triglycerides, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, and decreased HDL cholesterol at ages 5-16 years relative to normal weight (WHZ ≤1). For example, at ages 5-9 years, 2-hour glucose was 10.4 mg/dL higher (95% CI 5.6-15.3 mg/dL) and fasting insulin was 4.29 µU/mL higher (95% CI 2.96-5.71 µU/mL) in those with overweight/obesity in early childhood. Associations were attenuated and no longer significant when adjusted for concurrent BMI. A low height-for-age (HAZ < -2) at ages 1-59 months was associated with 5.37 mg/dL lower HDL (95% CI 2.57-8.17 mg/dL) and 27.5 µU/mL higher 2-hour insulin (95% CI 3.41-57.6 µU/mL) at ages 10-16 years relative to an HAZ ≥0.CONCLUSIONS:
In this American Indian population, findings suggest a strong contribution of overweight/obesity in early childhood to cardiometabolic risks in later childhood and adolescence, mediated through persistent overweight/obesity into later ages. Findings also suggest potential adverse effects of low height-for-age, which require confirmation.Palavras-chave
Texto completo:
1
Base de dados:
MEDLINE
Assunto principal:
Doenças Cardiovasculares
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Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2
Tipo de estudo:
Etiology_studies
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Observational_studies
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Prognostic_studies
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Risk_factors_studies
Limite:
Adolescent
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Child
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Child, preschool
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Female
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Humans
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Infant
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Male
Idioma:
En
Ano de publicação:
2022
Tipo de documento:
Article