ACE2, angiotensin-converting enzyme 2; CD, cell differentiation marker; COVID-19, coronavirus disease 2019; CPB, cardiopulmonary bypass; CT, component therapy; Children; Critical illness; DENV NS1, dengue virus nonstructural protein 1; DM, diabetes mellitus; ECLS, extracorporeal life support; ECMO, extracorporeal membrane oxygenation; EG, endothelial glycocalyx; Endothelial glycocalyx; FFP, fresh frozen plasma; GAG, glycosaminoglycan; GPC, glypican; HPSE, heparanase; HSV, herpes simplex virus; IV, intravenous; MIS-C, multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children; MMP, matrix metalloproteinase; Pragmatic, Randomized Optimal Platelet and Plasma Ratios; RHAMM, receptor for hyaluronan-mediated motility; S protein, spike protein; SAFE, Saline versus Albumin Fluid Evaluation; SARS-CoV-2, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2; SDC, syndecan; SDF, sidestream darkfield; SIRT1, sirtuin 1; TBI, traumatic brain injury; TBSA, total body surface area; TMPRSS2, transmembrane protease serine 2; Th2, type 2 helper T cell; VSMC, vascular smooth muscle cell; Vascular biology; WB+CT, whole blood and component therapy; eNOS, endothelial nitric oxide synthase