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Detailed Speciation of Non-Methane Volatile Organic Compounds in Exhaust Emissions from Diesel and Gasoline Euro 5 Vehicles Using Online and Offline Measurements.
Marques, Baptiste; Kostenidou, Evangelia; Valiente, Alvaro Martinez; Vansevenant, Boris; Sarica, Thibaud; Fine, Ludovic; Temime-Roussel, Brice; Tassel, Patrick; Perret, Pascal; Liu, Yao; Sartelet, Karine; Ferronato, Corinne; D'Anna, Barbara.
Afiliação
  • Marques B; Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, LCE, UMR 7376, 13331 Marseille, France.
  • Kostenidou E; French Agency for Ecological Transition, ADEME, 49000 Angers, France.
  • Valiente AM; Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, LCE, UMR 7376, 13331 Marseille, France.
  • Vansevenant B; Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, IRCELYON, 69626 Villeurbanne, France.
  • Sarica T; French Agency for Ecological Transition, ADEME, 49000 Angers, France.
  • Fine L; Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, IRCELYON, 69626 Villeurbanne, France.
  • Temime-Roussel B; Univ Gustave Eiffel, Univ Lyon, AME-EASE, 69675 Lyon, France.
  • Tassel P; CEREA, Ecole des Ponts ParisTech, EdF R&D, 77455 Marne-la Vallée, France.
  • Perret P; Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, IRCELYON, 69626 Villeurbanne, France.
  • Liu Y; Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, LCE, UMR 7376, 13331 Marseille, France.
  • Sartelet K; Univ Gustave Eiffel, Univ Lyon, AME-EASE, 69675 Lyon, France.
  • Ferronato C; Univ Gustave Eiffel, Univ Lyon, AME-EASE, 69675 Lyon, France.
  • D'Anna B; Univ Gustave Eiffel, Univ Lyon, AME-EASE, 69675 Lyon, France.
Toxics ; 10(4)2022 Apr 08.
Article em En | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35448445
ABSTRACT
The characterization of vehicle exhaust emissions of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) is essential to estimate their impact on the formation of secondary organic aerosol (SOA) and, more generally, air quality. This paper revises and updates non-methane volatile organic compounds (NMVOCs) tailpipe emissions of three Euro 5 vehicles during Artemis cold urban (CU) and motorway (MW) cycles. Positive matrix factorization (PMF) analysis is carried out for the first time on proton transfer reaction time-of-flight mass spectrometer (PTR-ToF-MS) datasets of vehicular emission. Statistical analysis helped to associate the emitted VOCs to specific driving conditions, such as the start of the vehicles, the activation of the catalysts, or to specific engine combustion regimes. Merged PTR-ToF-MS and automated thermal desorption gas chromatography mass spectrometer (ATD-GC-MS) datasets provided an exhaustive description of the NMVOC emission factors (EFs) of the vehicles, thus helping to identify and quantify up to 147 individual compounds. In general, emissions during the CU cycle exceed those during the MW cycle. The gasoline direct injection (GDI) vehicle exhibits the highest EF during both CU and MW cycles (252 and 15 mg/km), followed by the port-fuel injection (PFI) vehicle (24 and 0.4 mg/km), and finally the diesel vehicle (15 and 3 mg/km). For all vehicles, emissions are dominated by unburnt fuel and incomplete combustion products. Diesel emissions are mostly represented by oxygenated compounds (65%) and aliphatic hydrocarbons (23%) up to C22, while GDI and PFI exhaust emissions are composed of monoaromatics (68%) and alkanes (15%). Intermediate volatility organic compounds (IVOCs) range from 2.7 to 13% of the emissions, comprising essentially linear alkanes for the diesel vehicle, while naphthalene accounts up to 42% of the IVOC fraction for the gasoline vehicles. This work demonstrates that PMF analysis of PTR-ToF-MS datasets and GC-MS analysis of vehicular emissions provide a revised and deep characterization of vehicular emissions to enrich current emission inventories.
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Texto completo: 1 Base de dados: MEDLINE Tipo de estudo: Prognostic_studies Idioma: En Ano de publicação: 2022 Tipo de documento: Article

Texto completo: 1 Base de dados: MEDLINE Tipo de estudo: Prognostic_studies Idioma: En Ano de publicação: 2022 Tipo de documento: Article