Quantification of NAD+ in human brain with 1 H MR spectroscopy at 3 T: Comparison of three localization techniques with different handling of water magnetization.
Magn Reson Med
; 88(3): 1027-1038, 2022 09.
Article
em En
| MEDLINE
| ID: mdl-35526238
ABSTRACT
PURPOSE:
The detection of nicotinamide-adenine-dinucleotide (NAD+ ) is challenging using standard 1 H MR spectroscopy, because it is of low concentration and affected by polarization-exchange with water. Therefore, this study compares three techniques to access NAD+ quantification at 3 T-one with and two without water presaturation.METHODS:
A large brain volume in 10 healthy subjects was investigated with three techniques semi-LASER with water-saturation (WS) (TE = 35 ms), semi-LASER with metabolite-cycling (MC) (TE = 35 ms), and the non-water-excitation (nWE) technique 2D ISIS-localization with chemical-shift-selective excitation (2D I-CSE) (TE = 10.2 ms). Spectra were quantified with optimized modeling in FiTAID.RESULTS:
NAD+ could be well quantified in cohort-average spectra with all techniques. Obtained apparent NAD+ tissue contents are all lower than expected from literature confirming restricted visibility by 1 H MRS. The estimated value from WS-MRS (58 µM) was considerably lower than those obtained with non-WS techniques (146 µM for MC-semi-LASER and 125 µM for 2D I-CSE). The nWE technique with shortest TE gave largest NAD+ signals but suffered from overlap with large amide signals. MC-semi-LASER yielded best estimation precision as reflected in relative Cramer-Rao bounds (14%, 21 µM/146 µM) and also best robustness as judged by the coefficient-of-variance over the cohort (11%, 10 µM/146 µM). The MR-visibility turned out as 16% with WS and 41% with MC.CONCLUSION:
Three methods to assess NAD+ in human brain at 3 T have been compared. NAD+ could be detected with a visibility of â¼41% for the MC method. This may open a new window for the observation of pathological changes in the clinical research setting.Palavras-chave
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Base de dados:
MEDLINE
Assunto principal:
Encéfalo
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Espectroscopia de Ressonância Magnética
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NAD
Limite:
Humans
Idioma:
En
Ano de publicação:
2022
Tipo de documento:
Article