Cost-Utility Analysis of CYP2C19 Genotype Detection for Selection of Acid-Suppressive Therapy with Lansoprazole or Vonoprazan for Patients with Reflux Esophagitis in China.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: The cytochrome P450 (CYP) 2C19 genotype has a profound effect on the efficacy of lansoprazole, with less of an influence on vonoprazan. Both are first-choice drugs for the treatment of reflux esophagitis in China. OBJECTIVE: We aimed to estimate the cost-effectiveness of acid-suppressive treatments in Chinese patients with reflux esophagitis over 1 year from the societal perspective. METHODS: We developed a decision-based Markov model with a 4-week cycle to simulate the economic benefits and quality-adjusted life-years between different treatment strategies for patients with reflux esophagitis universal lansoprazole, universal vonoprazan, and CYP2C19 genotype-guided strategies. The primary outcome was the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio. Data sources were the published literature, clinical trials, documents, and local charges. We used sensitivity analyses to detect the robustness of the findings and explored subgroup analyses and scenario analyses to make further evaluations. RESULTS: Compared to lansoprazole, vonoprazan and the CYP2C19 genotype-guided strategy were not preferable for Chinese patients with reflux esophagitis, with an incremental cost-effectiveness ratio of 222,387.1316 yuan/quality-adjusted life-year and 349,627.5000 yuan/quality-adjusted life-year, respectively. Sensitivity analyses showed the impact factors were the utility scores and the expenditures for the maintenance stage with lansoprazole and vonoprazan. When the willingness-to-pay threshold was 215,484 yuan/quality-adjusted life-year, 46.20% of the reflux esophagitis population was willing to pay for vonoprazan, compared with 8.30% for the CYP2C19 genotype-guided strategies. Vonoprazan and the CYP2C19 genotype-guided strategy were cost effective in the severe reflux esophagitis population, and in the reduction of the price of vonoprazan. CONCLUSIONS: The health economic evaluations revealed that for Chinese patients with reflux esophagitis, vonoprazan and the CYP2C19 genotype-guided strategy were not cost-effective regimens compared with lansoprazole. However, we found that in certain conditions like a reduction in the price of vonoprazan and in patients with severe reflux esophagitis these could be cost-effective.